 Contraceptive techniques are used to prevent pregnancy. At the time as abortifacient techniques are used in order to terminate pregnancy that has already begun.
Pro-life and pro-choice supporters accept contraceptives on the first stages of gestation: ejection of a mature ovum from an ovary, fertilization of the ovum by sperm (the fertilized ovum is called a zygote), the ovum develops into a blastocyst, the blastocyst moves in the wall of the uterus (implantation), development of the blastocyst into a fetus. Nevertheless numerous groups and individuals have different definitions of the actual pregnancy beginning.
Pro-life advocates believe that pregnancy begins from the moment of conception when the sperm unites with the ovum. They also consider that human personality starts at that stage.
Scientist and pro-choice supporters think that actual pregnancy begins after implantation when the fertilized ovum moves into the uterine wall.
These two definitions differ by about 12 days. This differentiation is quite important. A certain technique might allow conception but interrupt implantation. In this case pro-lifers would term it as an abortifacient method and everybody else would denote it as a contraceptive.
What is the Action of Contraceptives?
All contraceptive techniques make a sort of barrier that prevents the process of pregnancy. Such barrier may be different types:
-time: a couple calculates when the woman is about to produce an ovum and does not have sexual intercourse with before and after that event;
-mechanical nature barrier: sperm can not get into the womb because of the condom or diaphragm;
-chemical nature barrier: contraceptive pill prevents ovulation, fertilization or implantation.
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